Many galaxies in the universe are expanding much more slowly than expected; and many more galxies are expanding much more rapidly than expected. To explain this anomaly, the conventional wisdom is that fully 95% of the mass/energy of the universe is either dark matter, which increases gravity, or dark energy, which decreases gravity; neither of which can be either seen or detected. A related anomaly is that the length of the known universe is 95 billion light years, roughly 550 billion, trillion miles. If Einstein is correct and the maximum speed that a wave or a particle can move is the speed of light, and if the Big Bang took place not quite fourteen billion years ago, then the maximum length of the universe should be something shy of twenty-eight billion light years. If particles or matter were moving away from the site of the Big Bang at light speed, then no particle could have gone further than fourteen billion light years in any direction, so the length, or the diameter of that expansion would be twice that, but it is more than six times as long! So either the measurements are wrong, Einstein is wrong, the age of the Big Bang is wrong, or we need another explanation.
This post is an attempt to explain both those anomalies. The Western materialist assumption is that the ultimate foundation of the universe is some sort of particle. Democritus thought it was the tiny atom. Rutherford thought it was the much tinier electrons, protons and neutrons. Standard Model physicists think it is the electron and the quark that are so small they consider them to be point particles (Speaking of anomalies, how could a particle be a point? A point has no dimension. The only place a point could exist is in our imagination. If electrons and quarks were truly points, then how could they have mass, or spin, or be made of any material what so ever?) And string theorists believe that the quark and the electron are not point particles, but have some tiny dimension and within that tiny dimension are vibrating loops of string, so tiny that if an atom were blown up to be the size of the known universe, one of these loops of string, blown up at the same ratio, would be the size of a small tree!) However fantastically tiny these particles supposedly are, they each have replaced somewhat larger particles, previously considered indivisible, as the ultimate foundation of the universe,
The ancients believed that the foundation of the universe were two opposing forces that had the ability to interact and configure with each other; to form shapes and fields of mutual attraction and repulsion, and it was these shapes and the force fields of attraction and repulsion between them, that created the physical universe, or the illusion of the physical universe. From this perspective, there are no particles. Forces do not emanate from matter, rather matter, or the appearance of matter, emanates from the interaction of forces; and it is these forces that are truly foundational. They are not composed of particles; rather the appearance of particles is the result of the interaction of forces.
These forces have been referred to variously as In and Yo, Shiva and Shakti, the Celestial and the Terrestrial, Baqa and Fana, Akira and Tirawa, Yin and Yang, Father Sky and Mother Earth, etc. And in the Old Testament they are referred to as Heaven and Earth. The Old Testament begins with, "In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth." The earth, as in our planet, did not begin to be created until the second day and the heavens with the sun and stars were not created until the fourth day (or the fourth epoch, since they certainly could not have referred to a twenty-four hour day.) So the Heaven and the Earth of that first sentence must be referring to two opposing forces, making that sentence identical with the following sentence, "Infinity bifurcates into Yin and Yang," which is the cosmological foundation of Taoism, an ancient Chinese religion.
I will be using the words yin and yang, but they are completely replaceable with any of the other pairs of forces that I just mentioned. You have probably heard of yin and yang, but most likely used in a modern way. Some things are yin; some are yang; yin and yang are properties of things. I will be using them in an ancient way, or a pre-industrial way. Yin and yang are not properties of things; they are the things themselves. Or, yin and yang in combination give the appearance of things.
Yin and yang, by themselves, are not things. They exist but are not detectable, directly in the physical universe. Yang is contractive. Yin is expansive. Yang pulls everything into the center. Yin spreads everything out to the periphery. The dimension of a thing is caused by the outward push of yin. The contours, the boundaries of a thing are caused by the inward pull of yang. Yin and yang do not so much attract each other as they entrap each other. Yang is bound by yin everywhere in the universe. The nucleus of the atom is bound by the expansive yin electron waves that surround it and push away from it, preventing it from contracting further into itself. A star is bound by its orbiting planets that try to centrifugally expand away from the star, as the star centripetally prevents that outward expansion. It is now considered that there is a black hole at the center of every galaxy. The black hole, which is an enormous force of yang, is bound by the entire galaxy stars surrounding it and spiraling outward against the contractive force, the yang force, of the black hole.
You can discover the origin of an explosion by tracing back the lines of debris blown out from that explosion. If the universe is, as physicists say, the debris of the Big Bang; and if the physical universe is, as physicists say, like the surface of an expanding balloon; then the origin of that expansive explosion will not be found on the surface of the balloon, in the physical universe, but in the non-physical center of that balloon, which is the yang residue of the Big Bang. You did think the Big Bang took place somewhere, didn't you? Every black hole is surrounded by an event horizon, an area within which no matter can escape. I would add that the event horizon is the area in which no matter can exist, since anything that crossed the event horizon would be very rapidly sucked into the center of it as the crushing, contractive force of the black hole squeezes molecules and atoms out of existence. Physicists think there must be some tiny, super contractive particle that is left after all this crushing, but that is the result of their belief that particles, or matter, is the ultimate foundation of the universe. The result of this crushing, from this perspective, is that matter disappears and the thing or the particle is broken down to its really fundamental parts which is yin and yang, the pure yang joining the black hole and making it even stronger and the yin leaving the black hole at infinite speed.
Did I say infinite speed? Yes. The speed of light is the fastest velocity that a thing or a wave can travel. But pure yin is not a thing and is not a wave. There is no mass, no yang energy, no thingness, to hold back its acceleration. Everywhere in the universe, from the vast reaches of empty space to the interstices between atoms, wherever yin is not bound by yang, there is pure yin. The moment yang is unbound, it is instantly surrounded by yin. That is why you see all these momentary strange particles being discovered at CERN and other proton accelerators. These collisions temporarily unbind yang, which is instantly surrounded by yin and a "new" particle is registered.
So the balloon that physicists refer to all the time, in a metaphoric way, "It's as if the physical universe is the surface of an expanding balloon," is an actual balloon, which is the event horizon of that central black hole, which is the yang residue of the Big Bang. Those galaxies closest to the event horizon feel the pull of it most strongly and have little to no expansion. those galaxies further away feel much less of a pull and expand much faster. So...no dark matter, no dark energy, just the event horizon of a central black hole, which is the residue of the Big Bang, which had to have take place somewhere, and is an extension of the same model as atoms, solar systems, galaxies, and the whole universe, rather than a somewhat desperate, although now commonly accepted, way of explaining a huge anomaly.
Also, this event horizon balloon is not expanding. The physical universe is expanding around it. The diameter of the event horizon is roughly 67 billion light years. The physical universe expanding almost fourteen billion light years in every direction off that surface, leaving a total universal diameter of 95 billion light years and growing. How long did it take for that event horizon to establish itself, for the yin expansive force to get away from the yang force at the center? No time! Infinite speed comes in handy some times, doesn't it? That was the Big Bang. Sorry we missed it!
Any comments? Let me hear from you!
